Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a virus that causes symptoms similar to colds. The infected individual may cough, wheeze, have a runny nose, or have a sore throat, which seems familiar to seasonal flu, but it isn’t. This blog is a detailed guide regarding HMPV. You’ll study the basics, how it spreads, symptoms, treatment, and long-term effects.
What is Human metapneumovirus (HMPV)?
Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a virus that causes upper respiratory tract infections like the common cold. It can make people sick in different intensities—mild to very severe. This virus belongs to the Pneumoviridae family, the same as the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). HMPV was first identified in 2001 and found to affect millions of people across the globe.
| Did you know? Dutch scientists discovered Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) 20 years ago. A lot of the latest research finds it as a source of many respiratory infections for more than 50 years.
How is Human metapneumovirus spread?
Surprisingly, only a few countries record or monitor HMPV trends, so very little information is available regarding how it spreads. This virus keeps spreading all around the year at lower levels to make people sick.
| Did you know? Researchers assume that about 10 – 12% of respiratory illnesses among children are triggered by HMPV. While most cases are mild, around 5 – 16% of children tend to develop lower respiratory tract infections (like pneumonia) due to Human Metapneumovirus.
Human metapneumovirus life cycle
HMPV is supposed to have a short life cycle (incubation period) of 3 – 6 days, during which it develops and accelerates symptoms. The duration of treatment varies among patients according to their severity levels. It seems to be highly active in temperate climates, late winter, and spring, during which it overlaps with RSV and influenza. The treatment is often confused with seasonal flu or cold, and so repeated infection occurs. Hence, it could take longer to treat.
| Did you know? The cycle of getting a Human Metapneumovirus infection, treatment, and reinfection is endless. It can go on for life across all age groups, be it a newborn or an aged individual.
Symptoms of Human Metapneumovirus
The common signs and Human metapneumovirus symptoms are much like cold or flu. They could be:
- Headache
- Stuffy or runny nose
- Fever
- Cough
- Wheezing
- Sore throat
Some people may get mild to moderate symptoms while others get severely sick with lung infections like pneumonia or develop respiratory conditions like bronchitis or bronchiolitis. You know the HMPV condition is severe when you spot any of these symptoms:
- Chest pain
- Severe fatigue
- Dehydration
- Breathing difficulties
- Persistent fever
Consider getting immediate medical attention if such symptoms appear.
| Did you know? Human Metapneumovirus is caused by a virus that belongs to the same virus group that is responsible for causing measles, RSV & mumps.
Who can get Human Metapneumovirus?
This medical condition can affect anyone, but below are the groups of people who are at higher risk:
- Premature infants or children below the age of 5 years
- Elderly individuals above 65 years of age
- People with weaker immunity due to HIV, use of immunosuppressants, cancer, or autoimmune disorders
- Asthma or COPD patients
How to treat human metapneumovirus?
Currently, there is no cure for HMPV. However, supportive care measures, precautions, and medications can ensure Human metapneumovirus treatment. Here are some things to consider:
- Get enough rest – Resting helps you recover faster.
- Stay hydrated – your body should have enough fluids to prevent dehydration.
- Using OTC/Prescription medicines – visit your physician to get prescribed with right medicines for managing the symptoms. Certain OTC fever reducers, cough suppressants, or decongestants could help in improving underlying symptoms to some extent.
- Oxygen therapy – Hospitalization or oxygen therapy is required in severe cases.
Human metapneumovirus long-term effects
Most individuals can recover from Human Metapneumovirus without any long-term complications. Still, some could experience prolonged respiratory symptoms, especially those with pre-existing conditions like asthma or COPD. When the infections recur, such patients may undergo weakening of lings with time.
When to Seek Medical Attention?
Seek medical help right away whenever:
- Infants with signs of severe illness.
- Elderly patients with severe symptoms like lethargy or bluish skin.
- The symptoms worsen or don’t show any signs of improvement after a few days/a week.
- Individuals start to experience breathing difficulties or persistent wheezing.
- High fever that persists despite medication.
Conclusion
Human Metapneumovirus is quite common yet often misperceived as a seasonal cold or flu. It is a viral infection with the potential to disrupt health severely, especially among vulnerable populations. While its cure is still under research, it is possible to regain control over good health with supportive care and preventive measures. For instance, adopting proper hygiene through sanitization, avoiding closer contact with those who are ill, etc, can reduce the risk of virus spread. Avoid being in unhygienic surroundings or getting in touch with infected people.
The more cautious you are, the more you can ensure safety. And if you get affected anyway, make sure to consult a medical expert right away to get started with the right medications.
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FAQs
Is HMPV just a cold?
Although its symptoms are similar to a cold, some individuals get severely sick beyond milder symptoms. In other words, it is not cold.
How long do HMPV symptoms last?
The symptoms usually last for between 3 to 10 days (when mild) or a few weeks (if severe).
How does HMPV spread?
Certainly, Human metapneumovirus spreads via respiratory droplets or contaminated surfaces.
Can HMPV be mistaken for the flu?
Yes, this medical condition is often mistaken for seasonal flu, which makes it difficult to regain control over health.
How long do HMPV symptoms last?
Those affected with HMPV can transmit the infection (stay contagious) for about 7 to 10 days. They are more likely to spread the virus during the first few days of infection.
Does HMPV cause wheezing?
Yes, wheezing is one of the most common symptoms of Human metapneumovirus. It can be observed more in children and people with respiratory conditions.